>> From the Library of Congress in Washington DC.
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>> JOAN WEEKS:  Good afternoon Ladies and Gentlemen. On behalf of my colleagues and in particular Dr. Mary-Jane Deeb, Chief of the African and Middle East Division, I would like to extend a very warm welcome to everyone. I'm Joan Weeks, Head of the Near East section and that is the sponsor of today's program. We're very pleased to present this program on the discovery of the secret of the great pyramid and the tomb of Tutankhamun. And before we start today's program, we just like to give you a brief overview, especially our newcomers to our division in the hopes that you'll come back and do research with us or attend further programs. This is a custodial division and it's got three sections that build and serve collections for researchers around the world. We cover over 78 countries and two dozen languages. The Africa section covers all of the countries of South Saharan Africa. The Hebraic section is responsible for Hebraica worldwide and the Near East section covers all of the Arab countries of North Africa, all of the Middle East of course, Turkey, Turkic Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, and the Muslims in Western China, the Balkans, and the peoples of the Caucuses. So, it's a very wide region of collection and expertise in this reading room to serve these collections. Now, just a few things we like to always invite you to fill in the evaluation form that we've left in your seats that helps us design future programs and we also have put this little flyer about blog and Facebook. And if you subscribe to our Facebook, you get announcements of future programs and the blog has some very very interesting articles written by our curators. So, we really invite you to do that. And we also say today that this program is being videotaped, webcast. So, if you want to ask questions at the end, you are implicitly giving your permission to be videotaped and recorded. Just to make sure you understand that. And also we have a very special booklet up here that- all about the Library of Congress and we laid out copies here so you're welcome to take those before you leave. And for right now, I'll introduce my dear colleague, Dr. Fawzi Tadros, our Arab world specialist to introduce our speaker today.
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>>FAWZI TADROS: Ladies and Gentlemen, today I have the pleasure of introducing a distinguished Egyptian scholar; Dr. Eldamaty received his Bachelors and Masters of Arts degrees from the faculty...Sorry...faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University. He received his Doctorate of Philosophy in Egyptology from Trier University, Germany. At present, he's a professor of Egyptology at faculty of Ain Shams University in Egypt. Dr. Eldamaty received many international awards such as Legion of Honor "Cavalier" from the Italian Government in 2004. Gold Medal at Charles University in Prague in 2010. The  State Award for Excellence in Social Sciences in 2010. In his academic career, he's held positions at University of Ain Shams such as Chairman of the Department of Archaeology faculty of arts, Director of the Center for Research Counseling and Training faculty of arts, Director of Open Learning Center for academic year 2009, Dean Faculty of Arts from 2009-2011. Dr. Eldamaty also held an administrative position such as Director General of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo and Supervisor of the abroad exhibition in the world from 2001-2004. Culture Council and Director of the Office of Educational Mission and Egyptian Embassy in Germany for 2011-2013. At the same time, he was also supervising the educational mission in the Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and Norway. Minister of Antiquities from 2014-2016. Dr. Eldamaty is a member in many international academic associations of Egyptologists. To date, Dr. Eldamaty has published 36 books and articles. Please join me to welcome Dr. Eldamaty. Please.
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>>MAMDOUH ELDAMATY: Thank you very much. Doctor Fawzi Tadros, Mrs. Mary-Jane Deeb. Dear colleagues, distinguished guests, it is honor to me ... Could I take it in my hand like this?

Actually it is a great pleasure and honor to me to be with you today in the Library of the Congress, and thanks to the Department of African and Eastern and Near East ... Middle East, sorry. African and Middle East, and thanks also to the Cultural Bureau of the Egyptian Embassy for inviting me for this event. To talk about the Egyptian antiquities, especially the Great Pyramid and the Tomb of Tutankhamun, it means we have to talk about secrets. We couldn't maybe define what we have there exact, until we discover all the secrets of these two important monuments of Egypt. But actually it takes a lot of time.
The Great Pyramid we can say it is the wonder of the wonders, the most important wonder of the world who stay until nowadays. The King Khufu, Cheops, is one of the most important kings who ruled Egypt about 23 years. Started from 2600 BC, 4,600 years now. Unfortunately we have for this king only this statuette made of ivory, nine centimeter high, but we don't have other sculpture for him, but we have the Great Pyramid. The first it started with the Great Pyramid and to make some research it was from Richard Pococke, and he did this sketch of the pyramids, 1754, and as you see above the burial chamber, actually nowadays, by the new scholars we found five chambers above the burial chamber.  You cannot see them here because it's not discovered until that day, but here we have these rooms found by Howard Vyse, 1837. And in the top one of them we found the name of King Khufu, the cartouche of King Khufu, Cheops. From this day we know that this pyramid belonged to the King Khufu. Then later we have a most important study of one of the important scholar of Egyptology, Flinders Petrie. He's England, a English person, but he did a lot of work in Egypt in several places, especially in Giza. He wrote his book about pyramids and temples of Giza. And he did the first accurate measurements of the pyramids, which we use until nowadays. When he was in Giza in that time, as you see, Sphinx was until that day covered with sand, which removed now and you can see also in front of the pyramid big space, empty, free space, not full of houses like what we have nowadays. The idea of the pyramid we can talk about special architect or a special wonder, which built 2600 BC, the high of the pyramid in the time of King Cheops, ancient 481 feet. Nowadays it is we lost some meters from the top and the high nowadays is 455 feet. The base of the pyramid: 756 feet. The volume: 91,227,778 cubic feet. Huge building. The mass of the pyramid is 5.9 million tons, 2.3 million blocks of sandstone. This huge work takes time, about 20 years to build this pyramid, but how? We still have the secret. The famous architect of the pyramid was Hamun. He was a cousin of King Khufu. Here the statue hosted now in the Museum of Hildesheim in Germany, and if you look to this plan, you see that the pyramid take three stages to build this Great Pyramid. The first stage on the top here, when we had the real burial chamber of the king under the ground in the mother rock of the plateau of Giza. Then the architect changed his mind to build another burial chamber for the king on the top of the ground in the building. This chamber called now the Room of the Queen or the Queen Chamber, but actually did the second chamber of King Khufu himself. Then for the last time or the third time he changed again and built the burial chamber of the king in the first third of the high of the pyramid. But how? Is the most important question. How, it is one of the secrets of the pyramid: how it's built. Some scholars thought about the so-called causeways, it is ramp. The ramp goes to the pyramid and they build the first layer, then extended their ramp until we reach the top of the pyramid, but it could be 1.6 kilometer long. It is very difficult, or we have to make up with a very dangerous angle, also it is difficult to imagine. Then we stay by ramp, but surrounding the pyramid from outside until the top. It means it is 1.6 kilometer not in straight way, but surrounding the pyramid from top to the bottom. And we can imagine it would work like this to go around the pyramid until reaching the top of the pyramid. But, come for us special question and very difficult question, because we know that the pyramid after finishing will be covered from outside making a casing of the pyramid with white limestone. The main stones of the pyramid come from the main quarry of Giza, from the same plateau used to build this pyramid, but the covering, the case, casing of the pyramid come from white limestone from Tora, about 15 kilometers out of Cairo.

Casing like this here, we have this pyramid of King Sneferu, the father of Cheops. This pyramid in Dahshur, and until now we have the casing of the pyramid, as you see, this very fine casing from outside. How we can do this by the pyramid of Cheops when we did the external ramp round surrounding the pyramid? It could be difficult. Then some French scholar, 1986, went to the pyramid and they have a new method of technology. It is microgravimetry. This method used to measure the vibration and the mass and density of the pyramid from inside. They spent about one month. They make more than 1,000 mass for this, and they said at the end, "We have so-called sub-density," or zone of empty spaces inside the pyramid, which you can see here by white and green. It means we have swirl inside the pyramid to show us that we have maybe the ramp inside the pyramid. The measuring tell us that the pyramid itself lost about 15% from its mass from inside, or from the density of the pyramid from inside. Then this work taken by the architect Jean-Pierre Houdin, he is French architect. His father also is architect. They discuss together the results of 1986, and they try to make imagination how it could be built. Then they thought that we have two ramps, one from outside, external ramp until about third of the pyramid, then we have another ramp, internal ramp from inside the pyramid. And they think it should be like this.
Then we can build the pyramid from the first layer with its casing directly together until the end.  But, after they finished, they can then close the way from outside. Here, as you see, how they put the casing, and the casing from outside from the beginning helps the people to make sure from the angle of the pyramid, and to protect the measuring of the pyramid. They have to make it from outside, and then from inside they put other blocks. Then he met with a Egyptologist, Bob Brier, American, and they discussed together what it should be, and they make together this book: The Secret of the Great Pyramid, published 2009, published 2009. Then we started now then to make a new scan for the pyramids. Two of the projects under this provision and the cooperation of the Ministry of Antiquities with the Cairo University Faculty of Engineering with HIP, Heritage, Innovation, and Preservation, an institute from Paris. Here we announced it in October 2015. I stay in the middle and the colleagues to announce new project of ScanPyramids to know what we have exact. In this, we work also with Laval University in Quebec, Canada, and Nagoya University of Japan. The goal of our team is to probe the heart of the largest pyramids of Egypt without drilling the slightest opening. It means we have to protect the building itself until we're sure 100% we have something inside. Then we can do the drilling. Before that, we cannot. What we did, we have to use new technology to help for this scan. One of them is muon detection. Muon is some cosmic rays. We will talk about it. And the second one infrared thermography and reconstruction with 3D scan. These three methods we have to use to solve this problem or to be sure if we have something inside, empty or not. Actually, we're sure we have something. We have new secrets in the pyramids, but we cannot be accurate. Then we start with the five great pyramids. As you know we have more than 40 pyramids in Egypt, but the most important is the pyramids of Giza and Dahshur, these five pyramids, three in Giza and two in Dahshur. We start to make infrared scan around the Great Pyramid from all sides, and all the time of the days: in the morning, in midday, the evening, through the night. This helps us to found thermal anomaly in the north side of the Great Pyramid, here, by the first layer or first and second layer of stones. What it should be? We found here because the infrared thermography measured the temperature of the surface of the sides of the pyramids. And here, we found, as you see here, the red color, it means hot. We have always six degree difference between these two blocks and the other side of the pyramid. If we measure it in the morning, in the midday, in the evening, we have always six degree difference. It means we have here something behind this red color stone, but what should be? We don't know. But, if we look to the stones here, it is totally different by the design and construction than the other of the other sides. It's totally different. 

That time when I announced it in November 9, 2015, we did press conference in the pyramid and we announce about it, and I said in that time that this picture should be the famous picture or most important picture of year 2015. It is the photo of Cheops, here, we stand beside this area. Again, to show here exact ... Look to the blocks beside. It is very different than this. It means it was here a door, empty space, and covered with another blocks later after the finishing of the pyramid. We continue this. Two days later Zahi Hawass went to the same area to share with us what we have to do there. Then we know that Zahi Hawass had started also before to search, to try to found also the secret of the pyramid, and he make drill inside the pyramid, but unfortunately he didn't found anything. That what led us to say we have first to improve everything to be sure before we drill again.

The thermal anomalies in Khufu, Cheops, we found more. We started with what I show you. It was number one here, what I show you. But, we have another places also to found. One, two, five, and six, it is similar. Look at this here, it is by two. They have the same construction of blocks like what we had in the first one. It means here we have anomaly which tell us we have something behind, but unfortunately until nowadays we cannot be sure exact what is behind, and we cannot do a drill to show. Then the second one, it is muon radiography. Muon is currently the only technology that can see through all genetic objects and it is used by the Japanese to solve the problems in ... They come from the earth, actually, and millions of them through the atmosphere of the earth, from our bodies, through our- we have about between two to three million of these muons passing through our body, but it is safe. Nothing happened with our body, no side effects. The Japanese, as I told you, they use it to know the secret of volcano: when the volcano could be active. They found what is inside like this here. Then they try to use this technology to make also a picture of the pyramid from inside.

We will use this technique for the whole Great Pyramids, the two, one from Dahshur, first one, Bent Pyramid. That's the north one of Dahshur, the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Pyramid of Khafre. We have to start with this one, because we know exact what is behind, what's inside the pyramid, and we would like to be sure that this method is accurate to find what we have inside. Then we using it. Now, here you see the professional man. He is a genius person to 25 years old from Japan, Yoshimura. Doctor Yoshimura. I'm sorry, his name is difficult. Yeah. He put here the plates inside the down chamber of the Bent Pyramid to collect the radius, and after that they will take them to develop these plates in the Grand Egyptian Museum. We have a special lab in the Grand Egyptian Museum to make the development of these plates. Then taken to Japan to continue the analysis. It takes inside the pyramid 80 days, and some days for development, and another two months in Japan for analysis. 

They did it first a computer simulation what we have to seen after the analyses of these plates, and it should be the photo like this. After that, sure, we compare between what we have inside the simulation of the computer and the result what we read from muons. It is accurate and it is the same. Then it is new methods we have to trust and we have to continue with this method in the Pyramid of Giza. Then we put them in two places inside the Great Pyramid of Khufu, one inside the second chamber in the middle, and we have to measure this area. The second one, on the gallery directly some meters after the main entrance of the pyramid, and to use and cover this area. We started already, and now the plate's in Japan for the analysis. We wait for the result and we hope that we have a good result there. The third method is the 3D scan to make from outside accurate figures, accurate pictures, 3D pictures like this here by the main entrance.
That by the Great Pyramid and we have to wait for the results. Until now, we can say we have to found something. We are sure to found something, but exact where inside the pyramid, how it should be, this gallery, this room, chamber, another chamber with some furniture of the king, we don't know. Then we have to wait, but also we have to follow the new technology and trust the technology. 

The second part is Tomb of Tutankhamun radar survey. Actually, we had 1,000 of visitors to visit the tomb of King of Tutankhamun before 2011, and to save the tombs from a lot of visitors we had the project to make facsimile for the tomb, exact one-to-one, to help for us when we close the Tomb of Tutankhamun for restoration or conservation, then the visitors they can visit the other facsimile or copy of this tomb. It started by the work of Basel University with Factum Arte and the Factum Foundation, and finished 2009. They did a high resolution pictures, laser pictures, which very important for us to continue our search. As you see here it is the new facsimile, and the person who visit already the tomb of King Tutankhamun, he cannot found any difference. It is typical one-to-one. Then we took this high resolution picture for another new search. Nicholas Reeves is one of the scholar Egyptologists. He worked a lot in the Valley of the Kings. We can say the man of the Valley of the Kings is Nicholas Reeves, and he did a search with these pictures, and after that he wrote an article and he think that we have the burial chamber of Nefertiti behind the burial chamber of King Tutankhamun. He published his article in July 2015. Directly after that, it got a lot of attack from many scholars: "No. It is dream of him. He is crazy. How it could be?" And something like this. The media called me and they would like to know my opinion about the article about what Reeves said, but until that time I didn't read the article of him. I told them, "Stop. Reeves is a good scholar. He know what he does in the Valley of the Kings, and it is his work, and I have to read first the article to know what he wrote, and then I can say my opinion." I read the article, and I found a lot of important things inside this, many points we have to discuss and to be sure of they are accurate or not. Then I called him by phone in London, and when I told him, "I am Mamdouh Eldamaty, the Minister of Antiquities," I said, he lost first the words. Then: "You are Eldamaty the Egyptian Minister of Antiquities?" "Yes. I am." He was very happy that we take it in mind. I asked him to come to Egypt to discuss together about his points in the Tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings. He accepted and in one week he came to Egypt and we went together. He show us the article here- the black and white down. It is the laser photo from Factum Arte. And he compared it and he found here these remains four, five, six should be here in this area. He think it should be a door and it's closed later by the finishing of the Tomb of Tutankhamun. Reeves think also that this tomb belong first to the Queen Nefertiti, because normally when we have tombs of queens, we found after the main entrance and the gallery, we have here a special hall, then the architect goes to the right side, it is queen, but when it goes to the left side and it continued in the left side, it is king. Then you think it is a queen, and at the beginning it should be only the main gallery, this gallery here, and went with this door to another burial chamber. But, suddenly thought of suddenly death of King Tutankhamen. He died suddenly when he was 19-years-old and in that time we didn't have tomb for him. Then the Egyptian they have to build for him a tomb to bury him. And they cut special part from the tomb, from the oldest tomb, maybe, as Reeves said, of Nefertiti or of another person, and he used it as the burial chamber and tomb of King Tutankhamen. But, he has to make it as a tomb, because they cut only place then. He make extension in the left side after the entrance with magazine and also another room in the east side, and make the ground deep, about 60 centimeter deep, and extension to the west side, to the left, this west side. Then continued the surfaces of the burial chamber. Only this chamber is painted. The other chamber is not. Here he found also the remains of the wall, which is cut to make the extension to that west side. We went to the tomb together. Here Reeves in the middle, it's me, here Doctor Khaled El-Anany, the new Minister of Antiquities now, Mahmoud Afify, Sultan Muhammed, Mustafa Waziri, group of people went together to discuss the details and what he did. There I found a new point to add to the theory of Reeves. It is we have here different between the finishing of the surface in the bottom part of the north wall, east side, and the top and the rest of the wall. Here is clear. You can see it is here another plaster added, and the remain of brush. Then take a paint, a special plaster and paint it later. On the top here, directly you can see the different. Here it is the rock, the main rock, the mother rock of the tomb painted also with yellow like this, but you can see the different of the surfaces. We had something like this before by the beginning and the discovery of the tomb 2019 ... 1922 by Howard Carter. The burial chamber was closed with the same plaster, this here. And you can see also the remains of the brush. It means he used this and covered with yellow color, then painted the wall. Then we did press conference, but Reeves decided to say it is a tomb of Nefertiti. Actually, I agree with him, we found something here, but I disagree it is Nefertiti. Why? Reeves is saying that Nefertiti ruled Egypt directly after the death of King Akhenaton, and she is back from Tell el-Amarna to Luxor. She changed her name to be Smenkhkare, to be a king, to be a queen to Egypt, and she did for herself a burial chamber there in the Tomb of Tutankhamun, behind the tomb of King Tutankhamun, and she brought with her the mummy of her husband Akhenaton, and she did for him a burial in the Valley of the Kings, the so-called KV, Kings Valley, 55. But, my opinion said, yeah, Doctor Zahi Hawass also tried to found king, Queen Nefertiti and he wrote this article in Horas in January 2007, to search Nefertiti in the Valley of the Kings, after the theory of Reeves in that time also. It means Reeves thought that Nefertiti is there since a long time. The City of Tell el-Amarna, which built by Akhenaton and Nefertiti in Minya mid-Egypt surrounded by Boundary stele, and here these red points. They have two of these Boundary stele. On this Boundary stele, King Akhenaton and Nefertiti swear with the name of the God Atum they will never leave Tell el-Amarna, living there, die there, and buried there. And also, we found the real tomb of Tell el-Amarna, of Akhenaton and Nefertiti there. Yeah. We found his tomb empty, right, but this tomb built for them. It means, in my opinion she must be there or buried there. We didn't found her body, but it is its tomb. It's her tomb, not in Valley of the Kings. Here the tomb KV55, we found in KV55, remains of bones and skull of king. We think it is a king called Smenkhkare, the younger brother of King Akhenaton. Reeves has said, no, it is Akhenaton himself, and Smenkhkare, it is another name of Nefertiti, and she is not buried there in this tomb, but behind the burial chamber of King Tutankhamun. It is the two opinion: Akhenaton, Smenkhkare; Smenkhkare, Nefertiti. And inside this tomb KV55, we found here this canopic jar of Meritaten, this daughter of Nefertiti and sister of King Tutankhamun. We have some remains belonging to Kiya. Kiya is the mother of King Tutankhamun. We have also some pieces to Queen Tiye, the grandmother of King Tutankhamun. Then, we have things to tell us that Kiya, Meritatun, and Tiye must be buried in the Valley of the Kings, but we didn't have the tombs of them, but we didn't have any remains of Nefertiti inside this tomb. For this reason I think when we found a burial chamber behind the tomb of Tutankhamen could be for another lady, not for Nefertiti. Actually until now we couldn't be sure that is a burial chamber behind. What we did after that, we started to make radar scan. We brought radar scan, radar from Japan to 26-27 of November 2015, and first we did the radar in KV5. KV5 it is the tomb of the sons of King Ramesses II, because we know exact the rooms inside. Then when we do radar, then the result should tell us what we have there to be sure, as a test radar to make it first. Then also when we went to the Tomb of Tutankhamun, we started also with the main side of the antechamber of the King Tutankhamun, because we know in this side, to the east side behind it also should be empty space of the magazine of this annex, and solid space of the rock, the mother rock of the mountain of the Valley of the Kings. Then, when we have the result here is accurate with what we have, it means we have to trust the system and we have to continue with it. Here Watanabe, Mister Watanabe by working to make the radar scan on the north wall of the antechamber. And it is a result, as you see, you can see here the line divided the two sides. Here's empty behind, and here's solid behind. That tell us, yes, we can follow and trust this system. We continue in other sides of the burial chamber, here at the north side, by discussion about the results, Watanabe, Reeves, his assistant and me. Then, we found some very important things like this picture of the radar for the north wall of the burial chamber.
I think it is clear to see that here by this stick and down it is a different between the two sides. It is very clear. Here we have a solid side behind, and here it's empty space, and with this curve Mister Watanabe said it could be a curve of a door lintel. Yeah. Like this. But, also, the end he said, "We can see that we have something behind the north wall and the west wall of the burial chamber." He thought maybe it is another chamber, and give also this picture. And he said, "Could be we have something solid or metal inside, and something soft inside these two rooms." That means we have some furniture, but it is also difficult to say. For this reason we would like to make another radar scan. We thought about three types of radar scan to do, and also one infrared thermography. The second one we did, the infrared thermography. But, unfortunately we do it in small place on the north wall, only in the space where we thought that we have here a door lintel, to know exact if we have here something or not. But, actually, we have to repeat it for the whole side of the north side of the burial chamber. Here the result is similar to what we had before by Factum Arte. 

Maybe here a little bit clearer than before, but we have to repeat this again. We did another radar with the help of National Geographic, but after that we sent this radar to two types of analyzed scan data by GPR and here by RADAN. They are two types of analyze system, and the results by GPR come by Goodman and Dash. Goodman said we didn't have anything behind the north wall. It means we have nothing behind. But, Dash said, "No, we cannot read or do any analyze for this data, because we have a lot of noise, and noisy is difficult to read." Then we have to repeat this again. Also, by RADAN the two person, Waters said the same, like Dash. We have to repeat it again because we have noisy. But, Abassid, we don't have anything. It means two persons said we don't have anything. The other two persons said we have to repeat it because we have noisy. It is not accurate read, accurate data. Then it means we have to repeat it again, because Watanabe, Japan, said we have something here. Here, we have nothing, or we have to repeat. The work is continued now, and at the end of this month, or in April now, next month, we have to repeat the radar scan this time from the top of the tomb. Then we have to do it another time from inside with infrared scan from inside. Then we can say what we have. Thank you very much.
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>>FAWZI TADROS: Dr. Robert, please.
>>AUDIENCE MEMBER: (inaudible)
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>>ALDAMATY: Actually, JAM is one of the modern museum in the world. We have very high standard lab there and we built special section to develop the rajas there but not to analyze them because to analyze it needs more technique, more money, more place and the technique we have in Japan we develop it in JAM and send it to Japan to continue the work. 
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>>AUDIENCE MEMBER: (inaudible)
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>>ALDAMATY: Actually, I hope Reeves is right and I'm wrong. To find Nefertiti- it is more fascinating. The relationship. Akhenaton, the father of Tutankhamun and Nefertiti's step mother and yeah.
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>>AUDIENCE MEMBER: (inaudible)
>>ALDAMATY: Kaya, yeah, but also not 100% because you didn't have any documents which tell us exact that Tutankhamun is the son of Kaya and Akhenaton. We know exact that Akhenaton and Nefertiti had 6 daughters, not boy. But, we have a boy that is the son of Akhenaton then from the other lady and we know that Akhenaton married also with Kaya. Probably she was the mother of him... Please.

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>>AUDIENCE MEMBER: (inaudible)
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>>ALDAMATY: Actually, as you said, Akhenaton lived in Egypt he left Luxor and went to Tell Aman, built his new city surrounded by his (inaudible) would like to be a new place without other cuts except Atun. Tutankhamun, he was born in Tell Aman. His name actually was Tutank Atun, the living image of the God, Atun. 2 years later he came to Luxor and he changed his name to be Tutankhamun and he made the decree to continue the work, but started already before Akhenaton and he worshipped the God Amun again. But, in the same time we have some opinion from some scholar that before him, maybe Nefertiti came to Luxor or King Samakare. For this reason, we have the tomb KV55 there. To find the tomb or the burial chamber behind the burial chamber of Tutankhamun as I said is not till now true because it could be old so that when the architect built the tomb of Tutankhamun, he tried to continue with another chamber in the north side. But, he stopped directly after the death of King Tutankhamun and he covered this maybe short cave or some we don't know. If it is only this or special room burial chamber empty space, we don't know. We have to be sure.
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>>FAWZI TADROS: (inaudible)
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>> This has been a presentation of the Library of Congress. Visit us at loc dot gov.